Pirkle C, C Boileau, V-K Nguyen, N Machouf, S Ag-Aboubacrine, PA Niamba, J Drabo, S Koala, C Tremblay, S Rashed. Impact of a modified directly administered antiretroviral treatment intervention on virological outcome in HIV-patients treated in Burkina Faso and Mali. HIV Medicine 200910(3): 152-156.
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Abstract:
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Objective

This study explores whether viral load measurements can be used in resource-limited settings to target those in need of adherence assistance. It was hypothesized that high plasma viral loads (pVLs) (≥ 500 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) were the result of poor antiretroviral therapy adherence and amenable to improvement with adherence assistance.
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Design

A single-arm, multicentre pilot study was conducted from November 2003 to March 2004 on 606 treatment-experienced patients who had initiated an antiretroviral regimen in Mali and Burkina Faso ≥ 6 months before study enrolment. In these patients, those whose pVL was ≥ 500 copies/mL were offered 1 month of modified directly administered antiretroviral treatment (mDAART) with weekly follow-up visits from pharmacists or adherence counsellors.

Methods

An adherence questionnaire was given to all cohort patients and viral load was used to screen for patients with ≥ 500 copies/mL. mDAART participants included cohort patients with ≥ 500 copies/mL, who completed the adherence questionnaire. Genotypic analyses were conducted on samples taken prior to and after the intervention. The intervention was considered effective when there was a decrease of ≥ 1 log10 in pVL.
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Results

mDAART was effective in over one-third of the intervention participants, while in two-thirds no decrease in pVL was observed. The majority of mDAART participants had major resistance mutations.

Conclusions
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pVL measurement was useful to identify patients who needed adherence assistance. However, because it was performed ≥ 6 months after starting treatment, mDAART came too late for most participants, as they had already developed important resistance mutations that might have been avoided with better laboratory monitoring.
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Keywords: adherence, antiretroviral therapy, drug resistance, HIV/AIDS, modified directly administered therapy, West Africa

 

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